Does the Gita’s conclusion contain a self-contradiction?  – When nearing the end of the Bhagavad-gita (18.63), Krishna shows respect for Arjuna’s independence by stating: “Deliberate and do as you desire.” Yet he soon gives specific instructions: practice bhakti wholeheartedly (18.65) and surrender unhesitatingly (18.66). 

Do these two verses override Arjuna’s independence? No; we need to understand the flow by analyzing linking verse (18.64).

After Krishna’s call to deliberate (18.63), Arjuna starts pondering the Gita’s profound message with its multi-level analysis, but soon feels overwhelmed. As Krishna and Arjuna share a close and long bond, Krishna can read Arjuna’s body language. Arjuna’s expression indicates that he wants to do Krishna’s will, but he is unsure which of the Gita’s many statements constitutes Krishna’s conclusive will. 

Sensing Arjuna pensive and lost, Krishna’s heart overflows with compassion. He declares his intent to share specifically what he wants Arjuna to do (18.64). When he states that he is speaking the most confidential instruction again (bhuyah), that repetition is meant to help Arjuna discern the Gita’s most important instruction. Krishna’s mood of helping is also evident in his declaration that he cares deeply for Arjuna and is speaking only out of benevolence. Then, Krishna repeats 9.34 in 18.65. Finally, he unequivocally subordinates all other paths to devotional surrender and concludes with an inspiring assurance of protection (18.66). 

Herein, Krishna demonstrates that respecting others’ independence doesn’t mean abandoning them. If a student who is just not ready to listen, their guide may quit in exasperation, saying: “Do whatever you desire.” In the Gita’s context, neither is Arjuna obstinate, nor is Krishna exasperated. 

Thus, 18.65-66 doesn’t contradict 18.63, but serves Arjuna’s unspoken need created by 18.63. 

One-sentence summary:

Love doesn’t just respect others’ independence; it also gives them specific guidance, especially when they want it. 

Think it over:

  • In the Gita’s conclusion, how does Krishna respect Arjuna’s independence?
  • Why, then, does Krishna also give explicit instructions? 
  • While interacting with others, how can you lovingly integrate independence and guidance? 

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18.64: Because you are My very dear friend, I am speaking to you My supreme instruction, the most confidential knowledge of all. Hear this from Me, for it is for your benefit.

Does the Gita’s conclusion contain a self-contradiction?

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